Working Conditions in China Essay - 1903 Words

In America a full time job is a 40 hour week, with time and a half pay for any overtime hours. Our minimum wage in New York State is six dollars an hour, and that is soon to be raised to $6.75 an hour on January 1, 2006. We are provided, for the most part, with healthy and safe working environments. In Chinese society it is nothing like this. Since the difference between the rich and poor is a lot greater in China than it is here, many of the poor jump at the opportunity to work in a factory or sweatshop job. They are very low paying and are not provided with a safe and healthy environment to work in. Often times the terrible environment is accompanied with abuse provided by the managers. It is not getting any better either because†¦show more content†¦This way there is generally no pressure upon the company itself, rather put it on the factory owner and the workers themselves. Also this gives companies a way to distance themselves from what is going on. They do thi s because they know how terrible it is in the factories. Besides Nike, other major companies that opened factories in China are Wal-Mart, Timberland, Huffy, JanSport, and Disney (Dougherty). Low wages are not the only problems with factories in China, in my opinion it is one of the least important topics. The overall treatment of the workers, and the lack of a safe working environment are just terrible. A study was done on a few factories that are producing for the big name companies listed above showed that some workers were working 98 hour weeks (Dougherty). And during those long hours, there are strict rules and regulations which the workers must follow. They are under constant surveillance, under which there are strict no talking rules. If the no talking rule is in effect, which it is in most of these types of factories, workers are fined up to a few dollars for each offense after a warning. To us a few dollar fine isnt that big of a deal, but to them it can be a few days work. Workers in these factories are also subjected to harmful chemicals all day long. A case study at a Timberland factory showed that workers were working in temperatureShow MoreRelated Labor Abuse in China Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesLabor Abuse in China â€Å"Inside the factory, amid clattering machinery and clouds of sawdust, men without earplugs or protective goggles feed wood into screaming electric saws, making cabinets for stereo speakers† (Goodman and Pan 1). In the article Chinese Workers Pay for Wal-Mart’s Low Prices by Peter Goodman and Philip Pan the mistreatment of the migrant workers in China is evident. These kinds of behaviors are taking place all over in China. The abuse of the Chinese work force has reached terribleRead MoreEtch – a – Sketch Ethics1192 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Ohio Art Company to move production to China? 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However, with the modernization and industrialization China has gone through, urban citizens are now more frequently using public transport, automobiles are increasingly being used more and people are hired to keep streets as clean as possible. Wi th a little over three decades having past since the major industrial development, China has industrialized at an astonishing rate. This is especially apparent when comparing its much higher industrializingRead MoreThe Ethical And Management Issues1593 Words   |  7 Pageshalf the legal minimum wage. In the past decade there has been a steady rise of ‘non-employees’ (casuals, outworker, contractors, etc.) working for organisations, with an estimated  ¼ of Australian employees considered to be casual workers. In China and India, new and challenging HRM issues are undergoing tremendous changes due to the improvement of workplace conditions, labour laws and wages all contributing to healthier, safer work environments. 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The article stated that one iPod factory, as an example, employed over 200,000 workers who lived and worked in the factory, and regularly performed more than 60 hours of labor per week. The article also reported that workers made around US$100 per month and were required to live on the premises and pay for rent and food

The Ethical Dilemma Faced by Lemessurier Free Essays

Saving Citicorp Tower The city group center was a unique example that shows what engineers can accomplish. The location where the group of engineers was trying to locate the building already had a church at that location. Instead of demolishing the church, they built around it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ethical Dilemma Faced by Lemessurier or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the beginning they decided that the building will be built on columns that will raise the building above the level of the church. Normally a raise building would have large columns on the four corners. Unfortunately, one of the corners would be directly through the church. Engineers define ways to move the column to the middle of the side of the building while still maintaining the structural integrity of the building. LeMessurier later found out that if the wind blows quarterly the building is not going to be protected, by the time the large wind blows. The additional loads will be brought down an imaginatively designed trussed frame, which incorporated wind braces on the outside of the tower. By the time when LeMessurier discovered the problem had to act quickly. He decided to step up and face the mistake, even though the price to deal with the problem could be outrageous. The ethical dilemma faced by LeMessurier was between the responsibility of the building and the safety of the public. The conflict between his duties to various financial entities verses ensuring the safety of that building would come into play. LesMessurier avoided the nightmare of death by simply changing a structures design, even though the changes could affect his professional reputation. He still decided to step up and make a change to save thousands of people, like engineering codes dictate. Read also â€Å"Glengarry Glen Ross†Ã‚   by David Mamet LeMessurier is courage serves as a great example of engineering excellence in that he dealt with his error and he was not afraid of risking getting fired by the industry. For me, I don’t think I would have the ability and faith to step up to make a change, since this mistake would make me responsible for so much and could lead to future difficulty , so I believe that would not be the thing I would do. But looking at it on LeMessurier’s side, he was an experienced expert in this field and I believe the way how he steps up to make people actually listen to him and follow his direction is admirable. How to cite The Ethical Dilemma Faced by Lemessurier, Essay examples

Gender Issues Essay Example For Students

Gender Issues Essay After reading through my gender log, during the past few weeks, I observed that many people are trained to determine their gender by their biological sex. Some of the people that I have observed and written about would probably never have doubted their sexual orientation. Others have definitely examined their sexuality. Whether this sexuality is male or female is entirely up to them. This is their true sexual identity. Still others that I noticed have actually convinced themselves, whether it is true or false that their biological gender is not, their true gender. The people who seemed that they were completely sure that their gender was solely based on their biological sex, were easy to identify for me. These are the people we have been familiar with all of our lives. These people self-categorize themselves. By acting and dressing according to their gender assignment, these people gave me the impression that they ultimately know if they are male or female. I think that they truly believe, without ever questioning their sexuality that they were born either male or female. They act out their assigned gender roles. They either see their sexuality as, black or white, with no gray areas. In my journal, I wrote about how I observed a man and a woman at a restaurant. The man automatically paid the bill. This is androcentric behavior. It is assumed in our society that the man should pay, although it is becoming more common for women to pick up the tab, or even them both. This is an example of people who believe that their biological gender is their t rue gender. The second type of person, the person who may have at one time or another wondered whether or not they were gay, is also pretty easy to identify, if you are able to observe and truly learn about their habits. As an example Ill use a male teenager who I went to high school with. Ill call him Joe. Joe was a very good looking male, biologically speaking. When Joe was a small child, I notice growing up with him that he had more female friends and that the boys did not like him very much. Many of the boys would often call him homo, or say go play with your girlfriends. He was very damaged by all of this. He would usually sit with the girls at lunch, but never the boys. He was often picked on in class with taunts and under the breath innuendoes. He did very well in all subjects in school but did best in art class and theater. His general body language was feminine, the way his hands moved and the way in which he would walk, talk, and even carry his books. I notice that he never tried to ch ange his behavior to please others, which seemed to be gender assigned feminine behavior. He would also state I am not gay. His mother actually was going to sue the school to put the responsibility on the school to prevent the students from harassing her son. Joe never conformed, to his biological sexual identity being male. He was who he was and everyone believed he was gay. I dont know if he is or isnt gay because he went to art school in the city. I think he was having an identity crisis. The third type of person is a person who biologically without a doubt is male of female due to societys guidelines of gender. However, this type of person may want to be the opposite sex. They either are kidding or they want to be the opposite sex. Something about it embraces them. This brings to mind a movie I saw the other night, Silence of the Lambs, by Thomas Harris, when the serial killer believes he was born a female in a males body. These people are sexually dysmorphic, meaning that their self-concept does not fit their sexual biology. .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 , .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 .postImageUrl , .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 , .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3:hover , .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3:visited , .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3:active { border:0!important; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3:active , .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3 .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud2fb7773c9162bf8a4956ab80df3d3b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drugs and the internet EssayHe wanted a total sex change and had many psychologists trying to help him. The psychologists did not agree with his desires and he was prohibited from having the operation because they felt he was not psychologically stable. As a result, his fixation with being female caused him to become a serial killer. The idea of being a woman was so important he would try to harvest enough skin from these very large women. Since he had a background in sewing, he sewed together a garment of human skin to make into a girl. He also danced in the mirror while putting his penis in between his legs to look like a girl. He would wear earrings and makeup and tried to look feminine in womens clothing. These things are symbolic, showing that his gender identity and his gender assignment were different from the norm. He practiced feminine traits and tried to be non-male. There are many people who have experienced gender identity crisises. Basically gender identity crisises occur because of some environmental influence, maybe family, and its members, friends, school or even the community they are brought up in. For example, in my log I wrote how I went back to my old high school where my parents work to visit them. As I walked down the halls of Onteora I noticed that males and females wear the same things today. In my parents generation, if a guy wore a skirt or makeup he would be labeled gay. Another thing I noticed was that many girls wear black and the color black would probably be considered a male gender color. Similarly, short hair is supposed to be a male feature, but it is becoming accepted more today. Our society allows kids to act this way. There is absolutely nothing wrong with a male acting female or looking female when examining their biological sexuality. I always used to think that I could just look at someone and determine instantly if they were gay. Boy, was I wrong! Many of my friends like the same sex partners. They are not different people, and people treat them differently anyway. There is no possible way to prove that someone is homosexual just by merely looking at them. Societal influences, or being in a non-traditional gender setting such as San Francisco, generally allow for more exploring of different genders, whether a person is or isnt going through a crisis. For example, I was talking to some friends who live in Woodstock and they were telling me how being interested in the same sex is really no big deal in that community. People may conform to society and it is not accepted or respected in the community where they live. If they are unhappy they move to another setting where they will be accepted. Womens and mens psychological development depends on their families, partners, and if their community is a healthy place for them to be living. they are not well respected, then you will not be that type of individual. Their whole life will be a series of conflicts. It is accepted in certain places and not accepted so well in other places. In our permissive society, as I observed people most were happy, some were flaunting it, and still others hid it. If behaving in the accepted manner of the alternate sex is not illegal than why shouldnt someone have the option to try it? They dont feel that they have anything to be ashamed of so it does not bother them to hear obscene gender stereotypes such as dike, or queer. Sometimes men are feminine but are not gay at all. Different things make different people happy. Gender is more than just sex, according to our text. Gender shouldnt determine how one may dress, speak, or their personal preferences, and comfort in your community that you want to live in. If one has a healthy respect then they become a well adjusted healthy individual. I think that in order to be content in life and be a well adjusted human, your gender identity needs to be satisfied. 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To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator Essay Example

To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? Essay At noon, on Monday 30th January 1933, President Hindenburg reluctantly appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany. Within 18 months, by terror, threats and semi legal measures, Hitler became Fuhrer, a position in which he held hypothetically limitless power that ultimately led to Germany initiating a World War and the annihilation of six million Jews. However since the 1960s revisionist historians, categorised into two schools, Structuralists and Intentionalists have begun to debate the emphasis on the personal role of Hitler in the Third Reich and the degree to which he was an absolute dictator. Intentionalist Historians such as Bracher and Jackel stress the centrality of Hitlers person and ideology in Nazi Germany. The logic of this interpretation lies in the fact that Nazism rose and fell with Hitler. As Bracher summarised Nazism was in fact Hitlerism. However, Structuralist historians such as Brozat and Mommsen do not deny the importance of Hitlers role but stress the influence of political factors and structures within the state. Mommsen coined the phrase weak dictator. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They emphasise the chaotic structure of the Third Reich under Hitler. There appeared to have been many separate organisations or empires who were actually not controlled directly by Hitler but rather by other members of the Nazi party who would fight among themselves for the highest positions of power, however this strong competition led to chaos rather than a strong system of ordered government. Mommsen believes that Hitler did not have a balancing role, but acted on impulse and delayed important decisions. This served to disrupt the conduct of affairs. Mommsens view is corroborated by Edward Peterson who suggested fearing people trying to please the great one or escape his wrath. The result was the division of denominations into thousands of little empires of ambitious men 1 A good example of these denominations is visible in the education system. Who was really in charge of education policy, which was of such crucial significance to the Nazi regime? Was it Bernhard Rust, the education minister or Baldur Von Schirach the leader of the Hitler Youth, these men and more could claim to have an interest in this system. Nevertheless Bracher believes in the divide and rule theory he says that Hitler adopted a chaotic system on purpose. He quite consciously set up his officials and organisations against each other in order to preserve his own authority as the only person able to resolve problems within the system. In the twelve years of his rule in Germany Hitler produced the biggest confusion in government that has ever existed in a civilised stateit was intentionaluntil it became a despotic tyranny.2 Intentionalists say that Hitlers personal power came from the fact that he was the final authority in the fighting between his subordinates, as well as the fact that gaining access to him was critical to any leader who wanted to thrive this was known as working towards the Fuhrer. It has also been suggested that Hitlers encouragement of conflict revealed his social Darwinist belief that through divergence the best and most efficient individuals would come out on top and the weakest would be exposed. Hitler therefore formed a type of institutional struggle for the survival of the fittest. However, Martin Brozat opposes Brachers view that the disorganized state of the government was Hitlers skilful deployment of divide and rule and believes it was the unavoidable result of Hitlers reluctance and incapability to control the relationship between party and state. Another aspect of Hitlers rule that has come under scrutiny is his life-style. Even the OCR revision notes suggest Hitler had an extraordinary bohemian, lazy life style. This supports the argument that Hitler was actually not omnipotent and omniscient, an image that Josef Goebbels had worked very hard to create. When, I would ask myself, did he really workhe rose late in the morning, conducted one or two official conferences; but from the subsequent dinner on he more or less wasted his timehis rare appointments were imperilled by his passion for looking at building plans. In the eyes of the people Hitler was the leader who watched over the nation day and night. This was hardly so. This primary account of Hitlers lifestyle was written by Albert Speer, Hitlers personal architect, Hitler became strongly attached to his assistant and awarded him the Golden badge of honour. Speer had admired Hitler for years and so this criticism is even more compelling, Speer had said of Hitler in 1931 Here it seemed to me was hope. Here were new idealsDangers of communism could be stopped, Hitler persuaded us, and instead of hopeless unemployment, Germany could move towards economic recovery. It would seem that what Speer had admired was in fact the new ideals and when working with the man who was meant to deliver these became disillusioned. Considering the attachment Hitler had to Speer and the amount of time the pair spent together I would conclude that this comment is a very reliable account of Hitlers lifestyle. There was no organised forum for the discussion of government policies. After 1934 the importance of the Reich Cabinet diminished and it did not meet at all after 1937. How then were government policies made and by whom? It is said that many organisations would send representatives to see Hitler to try and influence him in decision making. As many ministers in charge of departments might not have the opportunity to speak to Hitler for months or years on end. Ministerial skill consisted in making the most of a favourable hour or minute when Hitler made a decision, this often taking the form of a remark thrown out casually, which then went on its way as an Order of the Fuhrer.3 Fritz Weidemann, one of Hitlers adjutants reinforces this perspective; It became more and more difficult to get him to make decisions which he alone could make as head of state he disliked the study of documents. I have sometimes secured decisions from him, even ones about important matters, without his ever asking to see the relevant files. He took the view that many things sorted themselves out on their own if one did not interfere. An example of these decisions that Hitler alone could make was on D-Day when Hitler was sleeping and had a do not disturb sign on his door, the generals wanted permission to change their plans to deal with new circumstances, but could not get permission from Hitler and consequently could not drive back troops. This highlights a weakness in the system created by Hitler in which only he could make decisions but sometimes he wasnt interested in making them which is of course a major flaw as it meant that on occasions such as this people could not go use their own initiative which results in less success for Germany. Weidemanns post-war comment can be interpreted as reliable as after the war most of Hitlers adjutants said that Hitler was in complete control of all policies and manipulated them into complying (i.e. the holocaust). However Weidemanns comment does not strengthen this common excuse, and in describing Hitlers lifestyle in this way he is on some levels accepting responsibility for any actions he participated in. All this examined evidence suggests weakness in Hitlers control. However Intentionalists say that Hitler had to be detached from the day to day running of the Third Reich so that he was able to protect his personal prestige, Similar to a Medieval Monarchs way or ruling. When Germans had complaints they tended to blame particular organisations or Nazi henchman, but not Hitler himself, precisely because he was such an aloof figure in Nazi Germany. Another argument in support of the intentionalist view is that at no point did Hitler try to rationalise the chaotic structure of the Third Reich, but the opposite, continually made the chaos worse by authorising the formation of new power centres. For example in 1936 when he began the economic preparations for war he did not turn to a previously existing organisation but decided to create a new one (4 year plan under Goering) whose powers overlapped those of the other economic ministries. In some occasions peoples different interpretations of what Hitler wanted would clash and therefore is a weakness as Hitlers will was not always carried out and would also result in the men who are meant to be running the country spending their time arguing. It would have been far more effective to have core groups or individuals dedicated to running each department, although the confusion and chaos caused by the rivalling did keep him in power. A close examination of Hitlers role in the Third Reich as carried out by Ian Kershaw in his mastery two-volume biography of Hitler, explores the Hitler Myth. the Hitler myth was consciously devised as an integrating force by the Nazi regime who were well aware of the need to manufacture consensus. The man credited with the creation of the Hitler myth was Joseph Goebbels, who was appointed Reich minister for propaganda and enlightenment in March 1933. The fundamental nature of the Hitler myth was that Hitler was both a man of the people and one who stood above the people. A main part of the myth is that Hitler was all powerful and omniscient. Although the Hitler Myth is generally considered to be completely successful it did have a negative aspect, it meant that Hitler would have been unable to take a hands on approach in order to retain the myth that he was above the people, again like a medieval monarch All this was closely related to Hitlers own views on the psychology of the masses, which he spoke of in Mein Kampf. He was aware of how important his omnipotent image was to his leadership position and to the strength of his regime. In 1930, in an interview with Otto Strasser, a leading opponent within the Nazi party, Hitler summed up the thinking behind the use of Nazi propaganda; The mass of the working classes want nothing but bread and games. They will never understand the meaning of an ideal, and we cannot hope to win them over to one. What we have to do is select from new master-class men who will not allow themselves to be guided, like you by the morality of pity. Those who rule must know they have the right to rule because they belong to a superior race, This comment from Hitler and his clear understanding of the effects of propaganda and psychology is a definite area that highlights the belief that Hitler was a master dictator, this talent or ability almost certainly allowed him to progress to the extent that he did, However this could also be viewed as arrogance and demonstrates the cynical view that Hitler was interested in building a great Germany, not great people. Both schools of thought could argue the position on Hitlers popularity. From a structuralists perspective it would seem that the people did not actually freely admire Hitler but were either terrorised into supporting him or manipulated into liking him so that what they thought were their own opinions were actually being fed to them via the media through Goebbels propaganda. However an intentionalist could argue this point in saying that having the ability to manipulate millions of citizens shows what a strong leader Hitler actually was, another avenue they could explore is that it wouldnt have been possible to impose on the people if they hadnt help create this image. Propaganda was above all only effective if it is building on a belief that is already subconsciously present. it must also be recognised that the dictator was only the extreme exponent of a chain of anti humanitarian impulses set free by the lapse of all institutions, legal and moral barriers4 There is also a dispute among structuralists and intentionalists about the relationship between Hitler and the Nazi economy. Structuralists often argue that Hitler was on some levels a captive of economic forces that were beyond his control. They do not believe that Hitler was in a position to act against the powerful interests of big business. For this reason industry in Nazi Germany was not controlled directly by the state but allowed a large amount of self-sufficiency. Hjalmar Schacht, a fervent nationalist became a supporter (never member) of the Nazi party. He helped Hitler secure financial support from the rich Rhineland industrialists from 1930 onwards. Hitler rewarded him in March 1933 by making him President of the Reichbank and later Reich minister of economics. By a law of 3 July 1934 Schacht was given dictatorial powers over the economy and contributed as much as Hitler to the construction of the Third Reich. As long as I remained in Office, whether at the Reichsbank or the ministry of economics, Hitler never interfered with my work. He never attempted to give me any instructions, but let me carry out my own ideas in my own way and without criticism However, when he realised that the moderation of my financial policy was a stumbling block in his reckless plans (foreign policy) he began to go behind my back and counter my arrangements. This account from Schacht shows a lack of interaction from Hitler, this does however illustrate strength in Hitler, he was content in letting Schacht do what he wished until it went against his own foreign policy of going to war, and then he efficiently got rid of him. Dismissing Schacht does also contradict the viewpoint that Hitler was a captive of economic forces. Hitlers main aim concerning economics was autarky (self-sufficiency) in order to provide for Germany during wartime and to prevent food blockades similar to those of WW1, this may sound like a good idea, however it made absolutely no economic sense during peacetime as instead of importing high quality products at cheap prices Hitler made sure that products were produced in Germany, not only were these products of a lower quality but they also cost ore to produce. Another dispute that is sometimes argued by structuralists is that Hitler wanted to prepare Germany for war and in order to do this had to persuade the German people that there was a need to go to war, he had seen and learnt from crucial mistakes made in world war one, Hitler was determined to go to war with the united people behind the Fuhrer. He did not want to impose any burdens on his people (e.g. getting them to fund the preparations through taxes etc), as he believed that Germany had lost world war one due to a lack of morale at home. However because Hitler was reluctant to make his people pay for the war it meant that the process of rearmament did not take place on a stable economic basis, this resulted in Germany not being able to re-arm adequately enough, this and the amount being spent of the military lead to a damaging economic situation. Tim Mason, a British Marxist historian stated that Hitler was planning a war by 1943. However by 1938 economic preparations for war were in severe trouble. In an attempt to resolve the crisis the Nazis attempted to make the German workers work longer hours for no benefits. According to Mason unsurprisingly the workers responded to this by absenteeism, unofficial strikes and working poorly. This gave workers a powerful position because by this time there was a serious shortage of labour. As a result of the workers resistance, the Nazis were forced to accept defeat and discard their efforts to resolve this economic crisis through exploiting the working class. Masons analysis does support the idea of a weak dictator as the people were only prepared to accept Hitler when he did what they wanted. This left Hitler with only one-way of resolving the crisis. Foreign expansion. Hitler invaded Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938 and Poland in 1939, not with the intention to begin a war but because he needed to find a way of solving Germanys economic problems. Because the German people would not pay Hitler had to make the citizens of other countries pay. Mason believes this to be a clear example of Hitlers freedom being limited by structural economic factors. The problem was as Tim Mason put it, that the regime was trying to have its cake and eat it. It wanted to re-arm as fast as possible and at the same time protect the consumer; it wanted to have both butter and guns. However, Intentionalist Historians persistently reject the idea that Hitler was in any way a prisoner of economic forces that he could not control. In fact, they argue that it was Hitler who imprisoned the economy by subordinating it to his political objectives. This can be reinforced because not all of Hitlers objectives made good economic sense such as encouraging women to remain at home and supporting small businesses, as women would be needed for work during the war and to boost the economy and big business would have been more valuable to the Nazi cause in producing armaments and weapons etc, Hitler was however forced to accept that some women would have to work and some big businesses allowed to operate, this could be viewed as a weakness as he went against his own policy or it could show as I believe that Hitler was willing to do what ever was necessary in order to have a successful war even if it meant temporarily rejecting his own ideology. According to Karl Bracher The very fact that a capitalist economy could be led to war in so non- economic a fashion and mobilised fully only during the war itself proves the absolute primacy of political goals. Here, too Hitler was anything but an instrument of the capitaliststhe cooperating experts and economists were instruments not originators of this policy. This intriguing argument has been debated for fifty years and still shows no signs of being resolved, the complex and unique dynamic of the Third Reich makes this impossible which is why the arguments on both sides are so compelling. The conclusion to this argument depends on what is meant by a weak dictator,if weak means unable to impose his will then Hitler was definetly a strong dictator, however if by weak you mean Hitler was so powerful that he made himself too necessary then he was weak as I have shown he was not always interested in ruling. Hitlers way of ruling may in hindsight have lead to a weak country as Germany did not win the war but this did not necessarily make him a weak dictaor as he was able to control If by strong meaning an inspirational leader, he did remain a symbolthe fuhrer myth lasted . Wasnt effective a governing. Overall the key issue encompassing the historical debate of master and weak dictator lies in I think how much influence the individual has in shaping history, and no-one can deny that Hitler had a colossal influence in shaping the course of history and was therefore I believe not a weak dictator. His role was far too central and important. In a very real sense Bracher was correct Nazism was in fact Hitlerism, in this respect the Intentionalists are correct, but neither was Hitler a strong dictator in the sense that he enjoyed direct control over the state and society which he led and in this sense Structuralists are right. Hitler was actually a dictator of a primarily different kind. His power did not dwell in his ability to issue direct commands or in his direct control over the party or state, quite the opposite, his power lay in the willingness of the Germans to work towards the Fuhrer and his ability to manipulate millions, not just his own people, even Chamberlain said I got the impression that here was a man who could be relied upon when he had given his word. In some respects his impression was correct as Hitler had a fixed programme from the 1920s until his last days in the Berlin bunker in 1945, and his actions were steered by an unwavering ideology. If I were to place myself in one of the schools of thought It would have to be Intentionalist, the main simplified reasoning for this decision is that like the majority of the German nation did, I find Hitler captivating especially his style of dictatorship, I believe that an individual that had the power to manipulate not only one country must have been a strong dictator.

International Space Station essays

International Space Station essays The International Space Station is an idea for an international cooperative scientific environment. The station maintains a low orbit around the Earth. This is 217 to 285 miles above the Earth. The station itself is under construction while in orbit. Construction started in 1998 and will take years to complete. It is estimated to be completed by the year 2006. Sixteen separate nations are working together to complete this massive laboratory. The United States is working with Russia, Japan, Canada, Brazil, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and Sweden. Each country is contributing to the construction of the station. The station is made up of more than 100 components and will take 44 more trips with the three main space vessels to complete it. It will take nearly 2000 man-hours and nearly 60 space walks to construct and maintain the station. After completion, the estimated lifespan of the station is close to ten years. The estimated cost of the station will be between 35 and 37 billion dollars. Once completed, the station will have several pressurized living modules and will The station will be comprised of several major components, such as the Control Module. This contains two rocket engines with command and control systems. Three Nodes on the station connect the sections of the station together. A Service Module contains the life support systems and the living space for the crew during assembly. Six different Scientific Laboratories contain the scientific equipment and controls a robotic arm on the exterior of the station. This arm can manipulate the cargo of incoming shuttles. A Laboratory Module is where the scientific experiments take place. The low gravity makes many experiments possible; in the fields of microgravity, life sciences, Earth sciences, and Space sciences. The Truss is a long spine used ...

Miller Surname Meaning and Origin

Miller Surname Meaning and Origin The common Miller surname is usually occupational, but there are also other possibilities. Miller is usually an occupational surname referring to a person who owned or worked in a grain mill.The Miller surname also possibly be derived in some instances from the Gaelic words meillear, meaning having large lips; malair, or merchant; or maillor, a man wearing armor or a soldier.In ancient times the Miller surname originated from the Molindinar (mo-lynn-dine-are), a Scottish burn (rivulet) that still flows under the streets of modern Glasgow. Surname Origin:  English, Scottish, German, French, Italian Alternate Surname Spellings:  MILLAR, MILLS, MULLAR, MAHLER, MUELLER, MOELLER Fun Facts About the Miller Surname: The popular Miller surname has absorbed many cognate surnames from other European languages, for example, the German Mueller; the French Meunier, Dumoulin, Demoulins, and Moulin; the Dutch Molenaar; the Italian Molinaro; the Spanish Molinero, etc. This means that the surname alone doesnt really tell you anything about your distant family origins. Famous People with the Surname MILLER: Arthur Miller (1915-2005) - American playwright best-known for his Pulitzer Prize-winning play Death of a Salesman.Shannon Miller - American gymnast and Olympic gold medalistAlice Duer Miller - American womans suffrage activist, journalist, and writerWilliam Miller - author of Wee Willy Winkie and other nursery rhymes (1810-1872)Reggie Miller  - American basketball player Genealogy Resources for the Surname MILLER: 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Miller Family History: Gary Miller offers information on his Miller families of Chester and Columbia counties in Pennsylvania, along with some transcribed Miller records from Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York.Miller Genealogy of Western North Carolina: Marty Grant has provided a huge amount of information on his three Miller lines in Western North Carolina, along with links and information on other Miller families around the world.Miller DNA Study: This large DNA surname study includes over 300 tested members of the Miller family with the goal of untangling 5,000 distinct Miller lines in the world today.Miller Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Miller surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Miller query.FamilySearch - MILLER Genealogy: Explore over 22 million historical  records, digital images and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Miller surname and its variations on this free website of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MILLER Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Miller surname.DistantCousin.com - MILLER Genealogy Family History: Free databases and genealogy links for the last name Miller.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Some Philosophy Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Some Philosophy Questions - Essay Example However, Meno’s next proposal is that, virtue has the capability of exercising power over people. Socrates opposes this proposal on two grounds: first, it not honorable for children or slaves themselves to exercise power over people, and secondly, presiding over people is only virtuous if at all it is done justly. This opinion influences Meno to immediately consider virtue as being justice. But he then gives in to Socrates that integrity is a kind of virtue but not virtue itself. Since Meno is more competence, he attempts to classify virtue again, this time suggesting that it concerned with longing for good things and obtaining the power to protect them but provided that one does so justly (Plato 33-37). However, his definition again stumbles upon the predicament of using â€Å"justice† in defining virtue. So because of him being very talkative, he even starts to contrast Socrates to an animal with the name torpedo fish, claiming that it numbs anything it touches. This disturbs Socrates responding that learning is not just finding out something new, but rather recollecting something that the essence had the information about before birth, and has forgotten since then. We see him trying to review the clear picture of what he meant, by calling one of Meno’s slave boys, drawing a square containing sides of two feet, and then ask the boy to make calculation of how lengthy would be the face of a square, if it happened to contain twice an area belonging to the one he had just drawn. After the boy gets a wrong answer, Socrates helps him to recognize the correct answer without essentially explaining anything that would force the boy into solving the problem on his own. If the boy reaches into a conclusion on his own with no direct teaching, then he must have been summoning up something he already knew. Socrates proposes two hypotheses on the subject of virtue, in order to totally convince Meno. The first verbalizes that, if integrity is a category of knowledge, then teaching is a key factor and second, if it exists anything good that isn’t knowledge, the possibility is that virtue is not a class of knowledge (Plato 59-63). He later concludes that virtue is wisdom either in general or parts and therefore it cannot be something that people are born with. He also says that virtue is not necessarily a product of knowledge but of factual belief. And that it is a topic of being capable of giving a report of what people knows, just like it is reviewed by the slave boy with the mathematical proof. Question two Descartes totally agrees that mind is completely different from body by establishing two motive factors, the religious and the scientific motive that makes his argument called real distinction. The religious motivation provides a rational starting point for a trust in the soul’s immortality. The scientific motivation emphasis that the nature of mind is absolutely distinctive as of that belonging to the body, hence paving way for Descartes’ description called the new mechanistic physics. The argument therefore shows that there could be possibility for one existing without the other. In religious motivation, Descartes’ purpose of reviewing that human intelligence or soul is really different from body is to refute the irreligious people. This is because they only believe in mathematics and that they would not